A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that can occur in any part of your urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra. UTIs are most commonly caused by bacteria, though sometimes fungi or viruses can be responsible.

Symptoms of a UTI:

• A frequent, urgent need to urinate
• A burning sensation or pain while urinating
• Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Lower abdominal pain or discomfort
• Feeling fatigued or unwell
• In some cases, fever or chills, especially if the infection reaches the kidneys

Who is at risk?

Anyone can get a UTI, but certain groups are more at risk, including:

• Women, due to shorter urethras, making it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract
• Older adults
• People with weakened immune systems
• Those with urinary retention or blockages
• Individuals who use catheters or have frequent hospitalizations

Treatment:

• Antibiotics are the most common treatment for UTIs. Your doctor will prescribe the appropriate antibiotic based on the type of bacteria causing the infection. It is important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if you feel better before finishing the medication.
• Pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help reduce discomfort.

Prevention:

• Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to help flush out bacteria.
• Urinate when you feel the need, and fully empty your bladder each time.
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from spreading from the anus to the urethra.
• Avoid using harsh feminine hygiene products that could irritate the urinary tract.
• For sexually active individuals, urinate before and after sex to help clear bacteria.