Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. Causes of ED can be physical, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hormonal imbalances, as well as psychological, including stress, anxiety, or depression. Lifestyle factors like smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity also contribute to the condition. ED can affect relationships and overall well-being. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, oral medications, and therapies to address underlying causes and improve sexual function.